Enlazando las agendas de desarrollo y de seguridad en la pos Guerra Fría por medio del nuevo paradigma de la cooperación y del Security Sector Reform
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Desde los inicios de la pos Guerra Fría, se genera un redireccionamiento de las agendas tanto de cooperación para el desarrollo como de seguridad. Ello se produce para satisfacer la demanda de los actores donantes internacionales de poder brindar una comprensión alternativa e incluyente de los asuntos de seguridad en el ámbito de la asistencia internacional para el desarrollo. De esta forma, el presente artículo desarrolla su interrogante de investigación centrado en comprender de qué forma tuvo lugar la génesis y el desarrollo del proceso de interacción entre la seguridad y el desarrollo en el plano de la cooperación internacional. Para lo cual se efectúa un análisis basado en el material bibliográfico disponible, tomando el período comprendido a partir de la pos Guerra Fría, entre mediados de la década de 1990 y la década siguiente. De esta forma, se concluye que a partir de la propuesta del nuevo paradigma de la cooperación se logra legitimar el nexo entre los requerimientos propios de los programas de cooperación con objetivos del ámbito de la seguridad, dándose paso a la formulación de proyectos de desarrollo centrados en la reforma de aparatos de seguridad, produciéndose la génesis del Security Sector Reform (SSR).
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Citas
Andersen, L. (2006). Security Sector Reform in Fragile States. Working Paper n.º 2006/15. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies.
Arugay, A. (2012). Security-development Frontier: Implications for Non-Traditional Security in the Philippines and Thailand. NTS-Asia Research Paper n.º 10. Singapore: RSIS.
Ball, N. (2002, February). Democratic governance in the security sector. UNDP, UNDP Workshop on “Learning from Experience for Afghanistan”, 1-15.
Ball, N. (2004, August). Dilemmas of Security Sector Reform: Response to “Security sector reform in developing and transitional countries.” Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management. Recuperado de http://www.berghof-handbook.net/documents/publications/dialogue2_ball.pdf.
Ball, N. (2004). Dilemmas of Security Sector Reform. In Clem McCartney, Martina Fischer, and Oliver Wils, (Eds.) Security Sector Reform: Potentials and Challenges for Conflict Transformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Ball, N. (2005, April). Promoting Security Sector Reform in Fragile States (PPC Issue Paper n.º 11). Washington D. C.: U.S. Agency for International Development.
Ball, N. (2010). The Evolution of the Security Sector Reform Agenda in The Future of Security Sector Reform. Sedra, M. (Ed.). Centre for International Governance Innovation, 29-44. Recuperado de http://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/The%20Future%20of%20Security%20Sector%20Reform.pdf.
Ball, N. & Hendrickson, D. (2006). Trends in Security Sector Reform (SSR): Policy, practice and research. Workshop on “New Directions in Security Sector Reform” Peace, Conflict and Development Program Initiative, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada, November 2005, pp. 1-38.
Bellamy, A. (2003). Security sector reform: Prospects and problem. Global Change, Peace & Security, 15(2), 101-119.
Brinkerhoff, D. (2007). Governance in Post-Conflict Societies: Rebuilding Fragile States. New York: Routledge.
Brzoska, M. & Krohn, A. (2009). Overcoming Armed Violence in a Complex World. Opladen/Farmington Hills: Budrich.
Brzoska, M. & Law, D. (2007). Security Sector Reconstruction and Reform in Peace Support Operations. UK: Routledge. Germany: Budrich UniPress.
Buzan, B. (1991a). New patterns of global security in the twenty-first century. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 67(3), 431-451.
Buzan, B. (1991b). People, States and Fear: An Agenda for the International Security Studies in the Post-Cold War Era. Colorado: Lynne Rienner.
Cawtra, G. & Luckham, R. (Eds.) (2003). Governing insecurity: Democratic control and security establishments in transitional democracies. London: Zed Brooks.
Chandler, D. (2010). Security and statebuilding: From intervention to prevention. International Statebuilding: The rise of pos liberal governance. New York: Routledge, pp. 118-142.
Chutter, D. (2006). Understanding Security Sector Reform. Journal of Security Sector Management, 4(2), 2-22.
Colletta, N. J. & Muggah, R. (2009). Rethinking post-war security promotion. Journal of Security Sector Management, 7(1). Recuperado de http://www.ssronline.org/jofssm/issues/jofssm_0701_colletta&muggah.pdf?CFID=3064088&CFTOKEN=89599522.
Collier, P. (2008). The bottom billion: Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cooper, N. & Pugh, M. (2002, February). Security-sector transformation in post-conflict societies (Working Papers n.º 5). London: The Conflict, Security and Development Group, Centre for Defense Studies King’s College London.
Department for International Development [DFID] (1997). Eliminating World Poverty: A Challenge for the 21st Century. Recuperado de http://www.bristol.ac.uk/poverty/downloads/keyofficialdocuments/Eliminating%20world%20poverty%20challenge.pdf.
Department for International Development [DFID] (2003). The Global Conflict Prevention Pool: A Joint UK Government Approach to Reducing Conflict. London: DFID.
Department for International Development [DFID] (2007). Understanding and supporting Security Sector Reform (DFID Emerging Policy Paper). London: DFID headquarters, 1-41.
Department for International Development [DFID] (2009, June). Building the state and securing the peace (DFID Emerging Policy Paper). London: DFID headquarters.
Donais, T. (2009). Empowerment or Imposition? Dilemmas of Local Ownership in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Precesses. Peace & Chance 34 (1), 3-26.
Doyle, M. & Suntharalingam, N. (1994). The UN in Cambodia: Lessons for complex peacekeeping. International Peacekeeping 1(2), 117-147.
Duffield, M. (2001) Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books.
Duffield, M. (2007). Development, security and unending war: Governing the world of peoples. London: Polity.
Edmunds, T. (2004). Security Sector Reform: Concepts and Implementation. In Fluri & Hadzic (Eds.) Sourcebook on Security Sector Reform. Geneva: DCAF.
Evans, R. (2002). Donor perspective on security reform as a governance issue. 'Donor Perspective on Security Sector Reform as a Governance. Issue' paper prepared for The 5th International Security Forum in Zurich, October. September, 1-12. Recuperado de http://www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/SSAJ32.pdf.
Global Facilitation Network for Security Sector Reform [GFNSSR] (2007, December). A Beginner’s Guide to Security Sector Reform (SSR). United Kingdom: International Development Department, School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham.
Greene, O. (2003) Security Sector Reform, Conflict Prevention and Regional Perspectives. Journal of Security Sector Management 1(1): 1-15.
Hänggi, H. (2003). Making Sense of Security Sector Governance. In Hänggi & Winkler, (Eds.) Challenges of Security Sector Governance. Geneva: DCAF.
Hänggi, H. (2004). Conceptualising Security Sector Reform and Reconstruction. In Bryden & Hänggi (Eds.) Reform and Reconstruction of the Security Sector. Geneva: DCAF.
Hänggi, H. (2005). Approaching Peacebuilding from a Security Governance Perspective. In Bryden & Hänggi (Eds.) Security Governance in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding. Geneva: DCAF.
Hansen, L. (2006). Discourse analysis, identity, and foreign policy. Security as Practice: Discourse analysis and the Bosnian war. United Kingdom: Routledge.
Hendrickson, D. et al. (2009). Understanding and supporting Security Sector Reform. The Department for International Development (DFID): United Kingdom. Recuperado de http://www.dfid.gov.uk/pubs/files/supportingsecurity.pdf.
Hernández, C. (2005). Security Sector Governance and Practices in Asia. Journal of Security Sector Management 3 (1).
Huysmans, J. (2004). Minding exceptions: The politics of insecurity and liberal democracy. Contemporary Political Theory (3), 321-341. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers.
Keane, R., & Bryden, A. (2009). Lessons from the publication and dissemination of the OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform. Security System Reform: What have we learned?: Results and trends from the publication and dissemination of the OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform.
Luckham, R. (2007). The Discordant Voices of “Security”. Development in Practice 17 (4-5), (682–90). Taylor & Francis.
Luckham, R. (2009). Introduction: Transforming Security and Development in an Unequal World. IDS ID Bulletin (40, 2), Brighton: IDS.
McDonald, M. (2002). Human security and the construction of security. Global Society 16(3).
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development-Development Assistance Committee [OECD DAC] (2004). Security system reform and governance: Policy and good practice. (OECD Policy Brief), OECD.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development-Development Assistance Committee [OECD DAC] (2005a). Security System Reform and Governance. Recuperado de http://www.oecd.org/development/incaf/31785288.pdf.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development-Development Assistance Committee [OECD DAC] (2005b). OECD DAC Handbook on Security System Reform: Supporting Security and Justice. Recuperado de http://www.oecd.org/development/incaf/38406485.pdf.
Paris, R. (1997). Peacebuilding and the Limits of Liberal Internationalism. International Security n.º 22, vol. 2.
Paris, R. (2002). International Peacebuilding and the Mission Civilisatrice. Review of International Studies, 28(04): 637-656.
Pearce, J., & Mc Gee, R. (2011). Violence, Security and Democracy: Perverse Interfaces and their Implications for States and Citizens in the Global South. IDS Working Paper n.º 357. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies at the University of Brighton.
Richmond, O. (2007). Emancipatory Forms of Human Security and Liberal Peacebuilding. International Journal n.º 62, vol. 4.
Richmond, O., & Franks, J. (2010). Liberal peace transitions: Between state building and peace building. United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press.
Richmond, O., & Mitchell, A. (ed.) (2012). Hybrid Forms of Peace: From Everyday Agency to Post-Liberalism. New York: Palgrave Macmilllan
Sedra, M. (Ed.) (2010). The Future of Security Sector Reform. Canada: Centre for International Governance Innovation.
Sozzo, M. et at. (2005). Seguridad y reforma policial en las Américas: experiencias y desafíos. Ciudad de México: Siglo XXI Editores/Flacso-Sede México.
Springer, S. (2009). Violence, democracy, and the neoliberal “order”: The contestation of public space in postransitional Cambodia. Annals of American Geographers, 99(1), 138-162.
Stahn, C. (2001). The United Nations transitional administrations in Kosovo and East Timor: A first analysis. In J. A. Frowein and R. Wolfrum (Eds.) Max Plank yearbook of United Nations law. Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 5, 105-183.
Tadjbakhsh, S. (Ed.) (2011). Rethinking the Liberal Peace: External Models and Local Alternatives. New York: Routledge.
Uesagi, Y. (Ed.) (2011). Peacebuilding and Security Sector Governance in Asia. The Summary of HiPeC First Practitioners Seminar. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Partnership Project for Peacebuilding and Capacity Development
Uildriks, N. A. (2009). Policing insecurity: police reform, security, and human rights in Latin America. United Kingdom: Lanham, Lexington Books.
United Nations Development Programme [UNDP] (1994). Human Development Report. Available at undp.org.
United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations [UNDPKO] (2006). Building institutional police capacity in post-conflict environments. UN Police Magazine, Peace and Security Section of the United Nations Department of Public Information and the News Centre of the United Nations of Public Information. DP1/2445, New York: United Nations.
United Nations Secretary General [UNSG] (2008). Securing peace and development: the role of the United Nations in supporting Security Sector Reform. Report of the Secretary-General. Sixty-second Session, A/62/659-S/2008/39, pp. 1-18.
United Nations Security Council [UNSC] (2013). Securing States and Societies, Strengthening the UN Comprehensive Support to SSR. Recuperado de https://issat.dcaf.ch/download/35390/514513/Second%20Sec%20Gen%20Report%20on%20SSRSecuring_States_and_Societies_A%2067%20970_S%202013%20480.pdf.
Valdez Duffau, M. E. (2011). Linking Development with Security in the Global South? An introduction to the Security Sector Reform (SSR). Ciência & Trópico vol. 35:2. Recuperado de https://periodicos.fundaj.gov.br/CIC/issue/view/81.
Valdez Duffau, M. E. (2013). Leaving Conflict Behind?: An Analysis of the Security Sector Reform (SSR) and (in)stability in Timor-Leste. Defying the Impasse: Human Rights and Peace in Southeast Asia Series 2. Recuperado de http://shapesea.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SEAHRN-Series-2-Defying-the-Impasse.pdf.
Wirtz, J. (2007). A New Agenda for Security and Strategy? In Bayilis, J. (et al.) Strategy in the Contemporary World 2 (37-355). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
World Bank (2009a). Development OUTREACH: Fragility and Conflict. Washington D. C.: The World Bank Institute, October.
World Bank (2009b). Development OUTREACH: Growing out of crisis. Washington D. C.: The World Bank Institute, December.
Wulf, H. (2004). Security Sector Reform in Developing and Transitional Countries. In McCartney, Fischer & Wils (Eds.) Security Sector Reform: Potentials and Challenges for Conflict Transformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management.
Yasutomi, A. (2008). Linking DDR and SSR in Post-conflict States: Agendas for Effective Security Sector Reintegration. Agendas for Effective Security Sector Reintegration, CEJISS, 36-57.